Meaning: A thing or event that existed before another.

Part of speech: noun

Example: The antecedent to the current crisis was a series of poor decisions.

Category: Logic › Philosophy

Meaning: Things or events that existed before another.

Part of speech: noun

Example: The antecedents of the conflict can be traced back decades.

Category: Logic › Philosophy

Meaning: To take for granted or without proof.

Part of speech: verb

Example: I assume you will be there.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• presume
• suppose

Antonyms:

• doubt
• question

Meaning: Taking something for granted or supposing it to be true.

Part of speech: verb

Example: Assuming it doesn't rain, we'll go for a picnic.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• presuming
• supposing

Antonyms:

• doubting
• questioning

Meaning: Something that is accepted as true without proof.

Part of speech: noun

Example: Her assumption was incorrect.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• premise
• supposition

Antonyms:

• fact
• certainty

Meaning: To contradict or show something to be false.

Part of speech: verb

Example: His actions belie his words.

Category: Logic › Reasoning

Synonyms:

• contradict
• disprove

Meaning: To prove a statement or theory to be wrong.

Part of speech: verb

Example: He attempted to confute the claims made against him.

Category: Logic › Argumentation

Synonyms:

• disprove
• refute

Antonyms:

• prove
• confirm

Meaning: A statement that is opposite to another statement.

Part of speech: noun

Example: There was a contradiction in his story.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• discrepancy
• inconsistency

Antonyms:

• agreement
• consistency

Meaning: Involving or having a contradiction.

Part of speech: adjective

Example: His contradictory statements confused everyone.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• inconsistent
• conflicting

Antonyms:

• consistent
• harmonious

Meaning: A statement that contradicts a fact or reality.

Part of speech: noun

Example: His contrafactive claim was proven false.

Category: Logic

Synonyms: false statement

Antonyms:

• truth
• fact

Meaning: To reach a conclusion based on reasoning or evidence.

Part of speech: verb

Example: From the clues, she was able to deduce the answer.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• infer
• conclude

Meaning: Relating to the process of reasoning from general principles to specific cases.

Part of speech: adjective

Example: Deductive reasoning is essential in mathematics.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• logical
• reasoned

Meaning: Therefore; for that reason.

Part of speech: adverb

Example: She was late, ergo she missed the bus.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• therefore
• thus

Meaning: for a stronger reason; even more so

Part of speech: adverb

Example: If he can run a mile, a fortiori, he can run half a mile.

Category: Logic › Reasoning

Synonyms:

• therefore
• consequently

Meaning: Based on a mistaken belief; misleading.

Part of speech: adjective

Example: His argument was fallacious and not supported by facts.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• misleading
• deceptive

Antonyms:

• truthful
• accurate

Meaning: A mistaken belief or idea.

Part of speech: noun

Example: The belief that the earth is flat is a fallacy.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• mistake
• error

Antonyms:

• truth
• fact

Meaning: Not true; incorrect.

Part of speech: adjective

Example: The statement was false.

Synonyms:

• incorrect
• untrue

Antonyms:

• true
• correct

Meaning: With stronger reason; all the more.

Part of speech: adverb

Example: If he can do it, fortiori, she can do it.

Category: Logic

Meaning: The quality of being inconsistent; lack of uniformity.

Part of speech: noun

Example: There was an inconsistency in his statements.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• discrepancy
• incongruity

Antonyms:

• consistency
• uniformity

Meaning: Not compatible or in harmony with something.

Part of speech: adjective

Example: His actions were inconsistent with his words.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• contradictory
• discrepant

Antonyms:

• consistent
• harmonious

Meaning: To deduce or conclude information from evidence.

Part of speech: verb

Example: From the data, we can infer that sales will increase.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• deduce
• conclude

Meaning: A conclusion reached based on evidence and reasoning.

Part of speech: noun

Example: Her inference from the experiment was insightful.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• deduction
• conclusion

Meaning: The contradiction or denial of something.

Part of speech: noun

Example: The negation of the statement was clear.

Category: Logic

Synonyms: denial

Meaning: A statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument.

Part of speech: noun

Example: His comment was a non sequitur that confused everyone.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• disconnection
• incongruity

Meaning: Used to indicate that something is assumed to be true based on available evidence.

Part of speech: adverb

Example: Presumably, the meeting will start at 10 AM.

Category: Logic › Assumptions

Synonyms:

• probably
• likely

Antonyms:

• improbably
• unlikely

Meaning: To assume something is true without proof.

Part of speech: verb

Example: I presume you have finished your homework.

Category: Logic › Assumptions

Synonyms:

• assume
• suppose

Antonyms:

• doubt
• question

Meaning: To assume something as a basis for argument or action.

Part of speech: verb

Example: The theory presupposes that all humans are rational beings.

Category: Logic › Assumptions

Synonyms:

• assume
• presume

Antonyms:

• doubt
• question

Meaning: An assumption that is taken for granted in an argument.

Part of speech: noun

Example: The presupposition of the argument was flawed.

Category: Logic › Assumptions

Synonyms:

• assumption
• premise

Meaning: Containing contradictory statements or ideas.

Part of speech: adjective

Example: His self-contradictory remarks confused everyone.

Category: Logic

Synonyms: inconsistent

Meaning: Obvious without needing explanation.

Part of speech: adjective

Example: The need for clean water is self-evident.

Category: Logic

Synonyms: obvious

Antonyms: ambiguous

Meaning: A fallacy where someone argues that a case is special without justification.

Part of speech: noun

Example: His argument was dismissed as special pleading.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• fallacy
• bias

Meaning: Superficially plausible but actually wrong.

Part of speech: adjective

Example: His argument was specious and lacked evidence.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• misleading
• deceptive

Antonyms:

• valid
• genuine

Meaning: a form of reasoning where a conclusion is drawn from two premises

Part of speech: noun

Example: The syllogism was used to illustrate the argument.

Category: Logic

Synonyms: logical reasoning

Meaning: Not open to argument; indisputable.

Part of speech: adjective

Example: The evidence provided was unarguable.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• indisputable
• incontrovertible

Antonyms:

• arguable
• disputable

Meaning: Unable to be attacked or questioned.

Part of speech: adjective

Example: His argument was unassailable.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• indisputable
• irrefutable

Antonyms:

• assailable
• questionable

Meaning: Not in accordance with fact; false.

Part of speech: adjective

Example: His statement was proven to be untrue.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• false
• incorrect

Antonyms:

• true
• accurate

Meaning: having a sound basis in logic or fact

Part of speech: adjective

Example: She presented a valid argument.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• sound
• legitimate

Antonyms: invalid

Meaning: the quality of being logically or factually sound

Part of speech: noun

Example: The validity of the research was questioned.

Category: Logic

Synonyms:

• soundness
• legitimacy